Pros and Cons of Testamentary Trusts

June 18, 2025

A testamentary trust is a type of trust established through a last will and testament. Unlike a living trust, it doesn’t take effect until after the person’s death and only comes into existence during the probate process. There are pros and cons of testamentary trusts. These trusts can be a powerful estate planning tool for individuals who want to provide oversight and structure in how assets are distributed to heirs. Parents of minor children often use them, individuals concerned about a beneficiary’s financial habits, or those who want to protect assets from creditors or divorcing spouses.

However, testamentary trusts have limitations, primarily because they are subject to probate and are part of the public record. Understanding the advantages and disadvantages of this planning strategy can help you determine whether it aligns with your goals.

How a Testamentary Trust Works

A testamentary trust is created by including specific instructions in your will. These instructions name a trustee, outline how and when the trust assets should be used, and define who will benefit from the trust.

Since the trust is part of the will, it is subject to probate—a court-supervised process that validates the will and oversees the distribution of the estate. Only after the court finalizes probate does the testamentary trust become active.

The trustee then manages the assets according to the instructions, including paying for education, distributing funds over time, or restricting access until the beneficiary reaches a certain age.

Benefits of Testamentary Trusts

One of the primary benefits of a testamentary trust is the control that it affords. The person creating the trust (the testator) can set rules that continue long after death. This is particularly useful for:

Minor children who cannot legally manage money
Adult children with poor financial habits or substance abuse issues
Beneficiaries with disabilities who need long-term support
Families who want to protect their inheritance from lawsuits or divorce settlements

Because the trust is created after death, assets are not transferred or placed into it during the person’s lifetime, making it a simpler option for those who don’t want to manage a living trust.

Testamentary trusts also allow for the naming of a professional or trusted individual as a trustee, providing an additional layer of financial oversight and guidance for the beneficiary.

Drawbacks to Testamentary Trusts

Despite the control they offer, testamentary trusts have disadvantages. Since they are created through the will, they require probate, which can be a time-consuming, costly and public process.

The trust also cannot begin operating until the probate is concluded, which may delay access to funds during a critical period. If the trust is intended to support children or dependents immediately after death, this delay could create financial hardship.

Unlike revocable living trusts, which are created and managed during a person’s lifetime, testamentary trusts offer no opportunity to test or adjust the terms in advance. Once the testator passes away, the terms are fixed.

Finally, because testamentary trusts are part of the probate record, they may be more vulnerable to disputes or challenges from dissatisfied heirs.

Is a Testamentary Trust Right for You?

For some families, a testamentary trust offers the right balance of oversight and simplicity. It’s often chosen by individuals who have straightforward estates but want to add some protection for vulnerable heirs.

Others may benefit more from a revocable living trust, which avoids probate and offers greater privacy and flexibility.

Working with an estate planning attorney can help you understand the pros and cons of testamentary trusts, draft appropriate terms and create a plan that aligns with your goals and your family’s needs. If you would like to learn more about testamentary trusts, please visit our previous posts.

Reference: MetLife (March 13, 2025) “Testamentary Trust: Definition and How It Works”

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What’s the Difference Between Estate and Trust Administration?

June 9, 2025

When loved ones die, their assets don’t automatically transfer to heirs. Whether the decedent had a will, a trust, or both, someone must carry out their wishes and follow legal steps to ensure that everything is distributed properly. This is where estate administration and trust administration come in. What’s the difference between estate and trust administration?

Both processes involve managing assets, paying debts and ensuring that beneficiaries receive what they are entitled to. However, the similarities end there. The legal structures, court involvement and administrative duties vary significantly depending on whether the assets are passing through probate or being managed under a trust.

Understanding the distinction helps families avoid delays, prevent disputes and choose the right planning tools.

What Is Estate Administration?

Estate administration refers to the legal process of settling a deceased person’s affairs when assets are passed through a will or when no will exists. This process is commonly known as probate.

In probate, a court oversees the distribution of the decedent’s property. The executor named in the will (or an administrator appointed by the court if there is no will) is responsible for:

Collecting and inventorying assets
Notifying creditors and paying valid debts
Filing tax returns
Distributing remaining assets to beneficiaries according to the will or state intestacy laws

The probate process can take several months or longer, depending on the complexity of the estate, state laws and whether disputes arise. While probate ensures court oversight and accountability, it can also be public, time-consuming and costly.

What Is Trust Administration?

Trust administration occurs when a person dies with a valid trust, typically a revocable living trust that becomes irrevocable upon death. Assets titled in the name of the trust avoid probate and are instead managed privately by the named trustee.

The trustee’s duties include:

Identifying and managing trust assets
Notifying beneficiaries
Paying debts and taxes
Distributing trust property according to the trust’s terms

Unlike probate, trust administration usually does not require court involvement. This results in faster, more private handling of the estate. However, the trustee is still legally obligated to act in the best interests of the beneficiaries and follow the terms of the trust precisely.

Trustees may still need legal or financial guidance, especially if the trust includes business interests, real estate, or ongoing support for a minor or special needs beneficiary.

The Roles of Trust and Estate Administration

What’s the difference between estate and trust administration? Neither estate nor trust administration is inherently better. Instead, they serve different purposes depending on the family’s needs and the deceased’s planning goals.

Trusts can streamline the asset distribution process, reduce court involvement and protect privacy. However, they require planning during life to fund the trust and title assets properly. A will, by contrast, is simpler to create but often leads to a lengthier probate process after death.

In many cases, a comprehensive estate plan includes both a will to address any remaining assets outside the trust and a trust to manage major property.

Proper planning with a qualified estate planning attorney ensures that the chosen administrator or trustee understands their role and is legally equipped to handle responsibilities smoothly. If you would like to learn more about estate administration, please visit our previous posts.

Reference: Justia (October 2024) “Trust Administration Law”

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Older Couples Should Consider Premarital Agreement

May 29, 2025

Marriage later in life brings special joys—and specific legal and financial considerations. Whether it’s a second marriage, a partnership after raising children, or finding love after retirement, older couples often have more complex financial situations than younger newlyweds. Older couples should consider a premarital agreement.

Assets, retirement savings, real estate and inheritances accumulated over decades must be handled with care. A premarital agreement (often called a prenuptial agreement) is one of the most practical tools to protect individual and family interests. Far from being a sign of mistrust, a well-crafted agreement fosters transparency, protects loved ones and reduces the risk of disputes if the marriage ends through death or divorce.

Why Older Couples Should Plan with a Premarital Agreement

Older couples frequently bring established financial histories into marriage. They may own homes, businesses, investment portfolios, or have obligations like alimony or child support from previous relationships. Some may wish to preserve assets for adult children or grandchildren.

Without a premarital agreement, state laws—rather than personal wishes—may determine how property is divided upon divorce or death. In many cases, a surviving spouse is entitled to a significant portion of the estate, even if the deceased spouse intended to leave more to children from a prior marriage.

A premarital agreement allows couples to customize these outcomes, ensuring that their wishes are respected and that their marriage starts with full financial clarity.

Key Issues to Address in a Premarital Agreement

Premarital agreements typically address how assets and debts will be handled both during the marriage and in the event of divorce or death. Common topics include:

Identifying separate versus marital property
Defining how jointly acquired assets will be divided
Specifying inheritance rights for children from previous relationships
Clarifying responsibility for debts incurred before or during the marriage
Determining spousal support or waiving it altogether

Couples may also include agreements about healthcare decision-making, although these issues are often handled through separate estate planning documents.

While some topics, like child custody or child support for minor children, cannot typically be negotiated in advance, most financial and property-related matters are fair game.

Protecting Heirs and Family Interests

For older individuals with children from previous marriages, a premarital agreement can protect family inheritances. Without one, surviving spouses could inherit property that parents intended to pass directly on to their children.

Using a premarital agreement in combination with updated wills, trusts and beneficiary designations creates a comprehensive plan that reflects your true intentions and avoids accidental disinheritance.

It’s also an act of love—shielding family members from costly, painful legal disputes and ensuring that everyone understands and respects your wishes.

Premarital Agreements Strengthen Communication

Discussing finances can be uncomfortable. However, it builds stronger foundations. A premarital agreement encourages open conversations about money, values and expectations. It forces couples to talk about important topics—retirement plans, caregiving needs and financial obligations to others—that might otherwise be overlooked.

Rather than undermining romance, these discussions show respect for each other’s histories and futures. They create shared understanding and prevent surprises down the road.

The Importance of Independent Legal Advice for Each Spouse

For a premarital agreement to be legally enforceable, each party should have their own attorney review the document. This ensures that both individuals understand their rights and obligations and that the agreement cannot be challenged later due to claims of coercion or misunderstanding.

Older couples should consider a premarital agreement. Working with an experienced estate planning or family law attorney ensures that the agreement is tailored to your state’s specific requirements and your unique circumstances. If you would like to learn more about planning for older couples, please visit our previous posts.

References: American College of Trust and Estate Counsel (ACTEC) (Nov. 5, 2020) “What Is a Prenuptial Agreement?” and Hello! Magazine (April 2025) “King Charles and Queen Camilla’s Separate Homes: Was a Marital Agreement Involved?”

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Ways to Avoid Estate Disputes between Stepchildren

May 20, 2025

Estate planning in blended families comes with unique challenges. When stepchildren, stepparents and biological children are all involved, assumptions and emotions can complicate even the most well-intentioned plans. Conflicts over assets, inheritances and decision-making are more likely without a clear and legally enforceable estate plan. There are ways to avoid estate disputes between stepchildren.

While no estate plan can eliminate all tension, families who plan proactively can avoid common pitfalls that lead to disputes. Clarity, transparency and the proper legal tools make it possible to protect both your wishes and the well-being of your loved ones.

Why Stepchild Disputes are Common in Inheritance Planning

Stepchildren are not automatically entitled to inherit from a stepparent’s estate unless they’ve been legally adopted or are specifically named in a will or trust. This could lead to resentment, mainly if a close emotional bond existed during life but wasn’t reflected in the legal documents.

Alternatively, biological children may worry that a new spouse or stepchildren will “take” what was intended for them. If a surviving spouse remarries or rewrites the will, children from a prior marriage may be disinherited altogether. These fears—real or imagined—can cause deep family rifts and even legal battles.

Strategies for Preventing Conflict in Blended Families

The best way to prevent disputes is through clear and detailed estate planning. A professionally drafted will or trust should specify exactly how assets will be divided and why. This includes naming all intended beneficiaries, assigning specific gifts and documenting the roles of trustees or executors.

A revocable living trust can offer more control than a simple will for families with significant assets or complicated dynamics. Trusts allow for staged distributions, protect privacy and make it harder to contest inheritance decisions.

Another strategy is using prenuptial or postnuptial agreements to clarify what each spouse brings into the marriage and how it should be handled upon death. This provides peace of mind for both spouses and their children.

Communicating Inheritance Expectations Early

Estate plans are most effective when they don’t come as a surprise. Open communication is crucial, especially in blended families. While these conversations may feel awkward, they help set expectations, reduce suspicion and provide clarity.

Explaining contentious decisions, such as trust establishment or asset division, is essential to clarity and family cohesion. Explaining why one child receives more support than another can help family members understand your intentions and reduce the likelihood of conflict after your passing.

A written letter of intent, included with your will or trust, can be used further to explain your wishes and the reasoning behind them. This document has no legal authority but can be powerful in easing emotional tensions.

Choosing the Right Fiduciaries

Naming an executor or trustee perceived as neutral can help avoid conflict. In blended families, appointing one child or stepchild over another can raise concerns about fairness. Sometimes, a professional fiduciary—such as an attorney or trust company—may be the best option.

This approach ensures that your estate is administered according to the law and the terms of your plan, rather than through family politics. It also reduces the burden on loved ones who may already be coping with grief and loss.

Updating the Plan after Major Changes

Blended families often experience significant life changes—remarriage, new children, moves, or the death of a former spouse. Any of these events should prompt a review of your estate plan. Beneficiary designations, wills and trusts should reflect your current wishes and family structure.

Outdated documents can create confusion or lead to unintended outcomes. Regular reviews—ideally every few years or after significant life changes—keep your plan current and effective. Discuss with an estate planning attorney the ways your family can avoid estate disputes between stepchildren. If you would like to learn more about blended families and estate planning, please visit our previous posts.

Reference: The Wall Street Journal (June 1, 2024) “The Brady Bunch Breaks Down: Estate Fights Tear Stepfamilies Apart”

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Steps to Avoid Inheritance Issues in Second Marriages

May 13, 2025

Second marriages often bring joy, stability and a fresh start. However, they can also create complicated estate planning challenges. When one or both spouses have children from previous relationships, the risk of conflict over inheritance increases dramatically. Individuals often assume that love and goodwill will prevent disputes. However, without clear legal documentation, misunderstandings, unintentional disinheritance and even litigation can follow. Protecting your spouse and your children—biological and step—requires planning that accounts for family dynamics, legal priorities and financial realities. There are steps you can take to avoid inheritance issues in a second marriage.

Understand How the Law Treats Second Marriages

State intestacy laws (those that apply when someone dies without a will) typically prioritize spouses and biological children. In many cases, if a person dies without a clear estate plan, the surviving spouse will receive a significant share, possibly even everything, leaving stepchildren with little or nothing.

Even with a will, challenges can arise. A surviving spouse may claim an “elective share,” a legal right to a portion of the estate that can override the terms of a will. Children from a previous relationship may be unintentionally disinherited if all assets pass to the surviving spouse, who then distributes them according to their own will, or not at all.

These risks are exceptionally high in cases where only one spouse brought significant assets to the marriage or when there is a considerable age difference, business ownership, or a family history of conflict.

Use Trusts to Protect Both Spouse and Children

One of the most effective tools for second marriage estate planning is a trust. A revocable living trust allows you to maintain control over your assets during your lifetime, while outlining exactly how they should be distributed after your death.

For example, a Qualified Terminable Interest Property (QTIP) trust can provide income to a surviving spouse for life, with the remainder passing to the deceased spouse’s children. This structure protects both parties: the surviving spouse is financially supported, and the children are assured a share of the estate later.

Trusts can also help avoid probate, preserve privacy and reduce the risk of disputes. Unlike a simple will, a trust allows for more detailed instructions and layered planning.

Keep Beneficiary Designations Up to Date

Many assets—like life insurance policies, retirement accounts and bank accounts—pass directly to the person named as a beneficiary, regardless of what’s written in your will. That means an ex-spouse could still receive your IRA if you never updated the paperwork.

Review your beneficiary designations after remarriage to ensure that they reflect your current wishes. In blended families, dividing assets across multiple accounts may be appropriate to benefit both your spouse and children directly.

You should also consider how these accounts fit into your broader estate plan to ensure no one is unintentionally left out.

Communicate Your Intentions Clearly

Estate disputes often stem from unmet expectations. Children may assume they will inherit certain assets, only to learn after a parent’s death that those assets were left to a stepparent. Likewise, a surviving spouse may be surprised to learn that children from a previous marriage are co-owners of the family home.

The best way to avoid this confusion is to talk openly with family members about your wishes. Explain your decisions, address concerns and show how your plan provides for all parties involved. These conversations may be uncomfortable. However, they are often the most effective way to prevent conflict.

Taking these steps to avoid inheritance issues in a second marriage can mean the difference between family harmony and chaos. Putting these intentions in writing with the help of an estate planning attorney ensures that everyone’s rights and responsibilities are legally protected. If you would like to learn more about inheritance and estate planning, please visit our previous posts.

References: CBC News (April 1, 2025) “Director Norman Jewison’s wife cut him off from family, coerced him to change $30M will, lawsuits claimed” and Marriage.com (Oct 12, 2023) “5 Tips to Avoid Inheritance Issues in Second Marriages”

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Issues Family Business Owners Should Plan for in 2025

April 29, 2025

Running a family business means balancing personal relationships with long-term goals, all while adapting to changing economic and legal landscapes. There are some issues family business owners should plan for in 2025, including reassessing their succession plans, tax strategies and internal structures to maintain a strong and future-ready operation.

2025 brings fresh challenges—from potential tax law shifts to generational transitions and evolving workforce expectations. Without careful planning, even a thriving family business can stumble. That’s why addressing these key issues now can prevent costly problems later.

Preparing for Business Ownership Transitions

One of the most pressing issues for family businesses is succession planning. As the founding generation retires, many companies face uncertainty about who will take over leadership. Some family members may not be interested in the business, while others may lack experience.

To avoid conflict or operational gaps, business owners should create a written succession plan. This plan should identify future leaders, outline roles and responsibilities and include a timeline for the transition. It should also include mentorship and training periods to ensure that the next generation is fully prepared.

For those without a family successor, alternative options such as selling the business, bringing in outside management, or transitioning to employee ownership should be explored. These decisions take time to implement and benefit from legal guidance.

Navigating Tax Planning and Valuation

Tax planning remains an ongoing concern, particularly as family businesses look to transfer ownership or restructure in response to upcoming changes in the tax code. A major consideration for 2025 is the scheduled sunset of provisions under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, which may significantly lower the lifetime estate and gift tax exemption.

If those changes occur, the ability to pass on ownership or make large gifts to family members could become more costly. Business owners should assess whether to accelerate transfers now, while current exemptions are still in place.

An accurate business valuation is essential when making these decisions. Valuation impacts everything from estate planning to buy-sell agreements and tax reporting. A qualified valuation professional can help ensure that the business is appraised fairly and that transfers are structured to minimize tax burdens.

Managing Family Dynamics

Even the strongest family businesses can suffer from unresolved personal tensions. Disagreements over roles, compensation, or long-term vision can stall growth or lead to litigation. Establishing clear governance structures—such as regular board meetings, family councils, or shareholder agreements—helps create transparency and shared expectations.

Implementing formal communication and conflict-resolution processes also strengthens trust and ensures that decisions are based on business needs rather than personal emotions. These systems can be especially helpful when younger generations begin taking more active roles.

Adapting to a Changing Workforce

The modern workforce continues to evolve. Family businesses must adapt to new employee expectations around flexibility, remote work and corporate culture. Those who embrace change can attract top talent and position themselves for innovation and growth.

Creating competitive compensation packages and offering professional development opportunities can help family businesses remain competitive with larger corporations. Technology adoption and digital infrastructure updates are also important as customers and employees increasingly expect seamless digital experiences.

Work with a Business Law Attorney to Strategize Structures and Asset Protection

Issues family business owners should plan for in 2025 include outdated legal structures that no longer accurately reflect their current size, scope, or risk exposure. Reviewing partnership agreements, operating agreements and shareholder documents ensures that the business is protected from internal disputes or external threats.

Asset protection strategies—such as trusts or holding companies—may be appropriate to safeguard family wealth and minimize liability. A business law attorney can evaluate current documents, identify weaknesses and recommend updates based on recent legal developments. If you would like to learn more about planning challenges business owners face, please visit our previous posts.

Reference: The National Law Review (March 13, 2025) “The Big Six Items Family Offices Need to Consider in 2025”

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How Does a No-Contest Clause Protect Your Will?

April 8, 2025

In a perfect world, you create your will with the guidance of an experienced estate planning attorney, your heirs inherit their legacy and everyone lives happily ever after. In the real world, however, it doesn’t always work out that way. Every year, families scrap over inheritances, says a recent article from Market Watch, “Avoid drama with your will by adding this to your estate plan.” What can you do? Consult with your estate planning attorney about the possibility of including a no-contest clause in your estate plan. How does a no-contest clause protect your will?

This can deter heirs from challenging your will by creating a no-win situation if they challenge the will in court. When a no-contest clause is included in the will, the beneficiary risks losing their entire inheritance.

The goal is to avoid challenges resulting from an emotional response to grief, which is not unusual, or a long-standing family resentment emerging after the death of a parent. People who are quick to pursue litigation will think twice with a no-contest clause.

Is it possible your heirs might challenge your will? Even if the likelihood is low, it’s worth adding the clause. Estate litigation is lengthy, expensive and emotionally draining. Second marriages, economic disparities among siblings, or estranged offspring provide fertile grounds for will challenges. However, even happy families sometimes find themselves in court battles when large inheritances are at stake.

Another factor: seniors who live longer than expected may have heirs who thought they were receiving a substantial inheritance. When there’s a smaller inheritance, the surprise can lead to litigation. Unfortunately, the cost of estate litigation can significantly reduce the value of an inheritance, making it even smaller.

Warren Buffett’s advice to talk about your estate plan with your adult children is a straightforward and sound approach for most families. Offspring taken by surprise in a time of emotional turmoil are more likely to become contentious.

You don’t have to reveal every detail to your heirs. However, you can educate them about the contents of the will and the estate in general. Letting them know about the no-contest cause and your reasons for adding it may preempt strong reactions if they don’t learn about it until after you’ve passed, and they can’t get answers to their questions.

If the family is a blended one, someone is going to be left out entirely, or there are nuances, such as one person inheriting outright while another receives distribution through a trust over time, there’s the possibility of a challenge. If you plan to give assets to someone who isn’t a family member, like a charity or a close friend, the family may unite to challenge the will.

Work with an estate planning attorney to discuss how a no-contest clause can protect your will. A no-contest clause isn’t a guarantee there won’t be a challenge after you’ve died. However, it’s a simple thing to insert into your will and reduces the risk. If you would like to learn more about no-contest clauses, please visit our previous posts.

Reference: Market Watch (March 14, 2026) “Avoid drama with your will by adding this to your estate plan”

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Protecting Your Business with Life Insurance

April 3, 2025

For small business owners, a sudden death or disability can put a company at risk, leaving partners, employees and family members struggling to manage operations. Protecting your business with life insurance is critical. It serves as a financial safety net, helping businesses cover debts, maintain cash flow and ensure a smooth ownership transition in case of an owner’s passing.

Why Life Insurance Is Essential for Business Owners

Unlike traditional employees, business owners do not have employer-provided life insurance benefits. Without a plan in place, unexpected loss can lead to:

Financial strain on surviving family members who may inherit business debt
Difficulties in succession planning, leaving employees and partners uncertain
A forced sale of the business to cover liabilities or taxes

Owners can protect their assets, partners and loved ones by incorporating business-focused life insurance policies.

Types of Life Insurance for Business Owners

1. Key Person Life Insurance

A key person insurance policy covers the loss of an essential employee or owner whose expertise, leadership, or financial contributions are critical to business success.

The business owns and pays for the policy
If the insured person dies, the company receives the payout
Funds can be used to cover lost revenue, hire a replacement, or settle business debts

This policy is essential for small businesses where one person drives most of the revenue.

2. Buy-Sell Agreement with Life Insurance

A buy-sell agreement funded by life insurance ensures a smooth ownership transition if one partner dies or becomes disabled.

Each partner owns a policy on the other’s life
If a partner passes away, the surviving owner(s) receive funds to buy the deceased’s share
Prevents the business from falling into legal or financial limbo

This arrangement provides stability for the company and fair compensation for heirs without forcing them into business operations.

3. Term vs. Permanent Life Insurance for Business Owners

Term Life Insurance: Provides coverage for a set period (e.g., 10, 20, or 30 years) and is affordable. Ideal for covering temporary business loans and obligations.
Permanent Life Insurance: Offers lifetime coverage with a cash value component. It can fund succession plans or provide liquidity for estate taxes.

Business owners should assess their specific needs to determine the right coverage type.

How Life Insurance Helps Business Continuity

1. Covering Business Debts and Loans

Many small business owners take on significant personal debt to grow their companies. If an owner dies, these debts do not disappear. Life insurance can help:

Pay off outstanding business loans and protect assets
Prevent creditors from claiming company property
Ensure that surviving family members are not burdened with financial obligations

2. Providing Financial Stability for Employees and Partners

A business without a contingency plan can quickly lose employees and clients. Life insurance provides:

Cash flow to continue payroll and operations
Stability to retain key employees during the transition
Security to keep the business running smoothly

This protection reassures employees and investors that the company can survive unexpected losses.

3. Estate Planning and Tax Benefits

For business owners with significant assets, life insurance can help cover estate taxes, preventing the need to sell off parts of the business. Benefits include:

Liquidity to pay taxes without affecting operations
Tax advantages when structured correctly under estate planning laws
Smooth transfer of ownership without financial strain on heirs

Proper planning ensures that a business remains an asset for future generations.

Secure Your Business’s Future with Smart Planning

Life insurance is a critical tool for protecting small businesses, ensuring that owners, employees and family members are financially secure in the event of the unexpected. If you would like to learn more about life insurance and estate planning, please visit our previous posts.

Reference: Thrivent (Nov. 2, 2022) “How Life Insurance Can Help Protect Your Small Business”

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Managing Inherited Property can be Complicated

April 1, 2025

When a loved one passes away, their home is often one of the most significant assets left behind. However, managing an inherited property can be complicated, involving legal procedures, financial obligations and potential family conflicts.

Knowing what steps to take can help heirs navigate the probate process, handle property expenses and decide whether to sell, rent, or keep the home.

Understanding Probate and Property Transfers

1. Determining Ownership and Title

Before making any decisions, confirming who legally owns the property is essential. Ownership depends on:

Whether the deceased had a will or trust specifying beneficiaries
The state’s inheritance laws if no will exists (intestate succession)
Whether the home was jointly owned by a surviving spouse or co-owner

If the property is included in a will, it must go through probate before transferring it to heirs. However, probate may not be necessary if it was placed in a living trust or owned jointly with survivorship rights.

2. Navigating the Probate Process

If the home is subject to probate, the executor of the estate is responsible for:

Filing legal documents to initiate probate
Paying outstanding debts and property taxes before distributing assets
Determining if the house must be sold to settle debts or be transferred to heirs

Probate can take months or even years, depending on the complexity of the estate. If multiple heirs inherit the home, they must agree on how to proceed with the property.

Financial Responsibilities of Inheriting a Home

1. Covering Mortgage and Property Expenses

If the home still has a mortgage, the heir must continue making payments or risk foreclosure. Other financial obligations include:

Property taxes and homeowner’s insurance
Utility bills and maintenance costs
Homeowners’ association (HOA) fees, if applicable

If the deceased had a reverse mortgage, the estate may need to sell the home or pay off the loan before inheriting it.

2. Selling vs. Keeping the Home

Once ownership is settled, heirs must decide whether to:

Keep the home – Ideal if a family member plans to live in it or use it as an investment.
Sell the property – A common choice to divide assets among heirs and cover expenses.
Rent the home – Provides an income stream but requires property management.

A legal dispute may arise if multiple heirs inherit the home but disagree on what to do. Having a clear estate plan can help prevent these conflicts.

Steps to Take When Managing an Inherited Home

Secure the Property – Change locks, check for damages and notify homeowners insurance of the owner’s passing.
Review Debts and Expenses – Determine if the home has outstanding loans, unpaid taxes, or liens.
Get a Home Appraisal – Assess the market value to guide selling, renting, or estate distribution decisions.
Settle Ownership and Probate Issues – Work with an attorney to transfer the title to heirs or sell the property.
Decide on Next Steps – Weigh financial and personal factors before keeping, selling, or renting the home.

Get Legal Guidance for Managing an Inherited Home

Managing an inherited property can be complicated, requiring careful legal and financial planning. Whether you need to navigate probate, resolve title issues, or explore selling options, and experienced estate planning law firm can help ensure a smooth transition. Id you would like to learn more about inherited property, please visit our previous posts.

Reference: AllLaw (Aug. 03, 2022) “Transferring Real Estate After Death”

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Understanding the Downsides of Joint Ownership

March 26, 2025

Many people add family members or spouses as joint owners of bank accounts, real estate, or investments to simplify estate planning and avoid probate. While joint ownership can offer convenience and asset access, it also presents serious risks that can lead to financial disputes, tax liabilities and legal challenges. Understanding the downsides of joint ownership is essential before making decisions that could impact your estate and beneficiaries.

What Is Joint Ownership?

Joint ownership means that two or more people share legal ownership of an asset. There are different forms of joint ownership, each with unique rights and implications. Some common types of joint ownership include:

Joint Tenancy with Right of Survivorship (JTWROS) – If one owner dies, the other owner(s) automatically inherit the asset. Common among spouses.
Tenancy in Common – Each owner holds a separate, distinct share of the property. Shares can be passed down in a will instead of automatically transferring to co-owners.
Tenancy by the Entirety – A unique form of joint ownership for married couples that offers protection from creditors in some states.
Joint Ownership of Bank Accounts – Gives all owners full access to funds, even if one person contributed all the money.

While these arrangements may seem beneficial, they can create unintended financial and legal consequences.

The Risks of Joint Ownership

1. Loss of Full Control Over the Asset

Adding a co-owner means you no longer have sole decision-making power. If you own property or an account jointly, the other person:

Must approve any sale or significant financial decision
Can legally withdraw funds or take actions you may disagree with
May refuse to cooperate in estate planning decisions

For example, if you add an adult child to your house deed, you cannot sell or refinance the home without their approval. If your relationship changes, legal conflicts may arise.

2. Exposure to the Co-Owner’s Debts and Liabilities

If a joint owner has debt, gets sued, or divorces, creditors can go after jointly owned assets. This means:

A co-owner’s financial troubles can result in liens or judgments against your property
The asset may be subject to seizure by creditors or division in a divorce settlement
You could lose control over the asset due to someone else’s financial mistakes

This is particularly risky when adding children or relatives with unstable finances or creditor issues.

3. Unintended Tax Consequences

Joint ownership can create tax problems, especially when transferring assets. Common tax issues include:

Capital gains taxes – If a property or investment is sold, the IRS may assess capital gains based on the original purchase price, not the market value at death.
Gift tax liability – Adding someone as a joint owner may be considered a taxable gift, requiring IRS reporting if it exceeds the gift tax exemption limit.
Loss of step-up in basis – Heirs who inherit assets outright get a “step-up” in tax basis to current market value, reducing capital gains taxes. With joint ownership, this benefit may be lost.

Without proper estate planning, heirs may owe more in taxes than necessary.

4. Complications in Estate Planning

Many people use joint ownership to avoid probate. However, this strategy can backfire. Risks include:

Disinheriting intended beneficiaries – If one joint owner survives, they get full ownership—even if your will says otherwise.
Unequal distribution of assets – If you own multiple assets jointly with different people, some heirs may receive more than intended.
Legal disputes – Family members may contest asset distribution if joint ownership conflicts with your will.

A well-structured trust or beneficiary designation often provides a more reliable way to pass down assets.

When Joint Ownership Might Be Appropriate

Despite its risks, joint ownership can be helpful in certain situations. For instance, it’s suitable if you trust the co-owner completely and want them to have full rights to the asset. There are also few drawbacks if the asset has minimal value or no tax consequences or if both parties contribute equally to the asset.

In most cases, estate planning tools such as trusts, payable-on-death accounts, or transfer-on-death deeds provide greater protection and control.

Protect Your Assets with Smart Estate Planning

While joint ownership may seem easy, it often creates more problems than it solves. Understanding the downsides of joint ownership is essential before making decisions that could impact your estate and beneficiaries. Before adding someone to your assets, it’s essential to consider the legal, financial and tax consequences. If you would like to learn more about joint ownership, please visit our previous posts.

Reference: Investopedia (March 02, 2024) “Joint Tenancy: Benefits and Pitfalls”

Image by Joshua Choate

Category: Asset Protection