Legal Planning for Long-Term Care is Essential

November 6, 2025

Care demand is rising while the paid and unpaid workforce struggles to keep pace. Families often fill the gap first, then their savings and finally the public safety net. Legal planning for long-term care is essential. Without preparation, a sudden hospitalization, a memory change, or a fall can lead to rushed decisions that cost more, strain relationships and jeopardize eligibility for benefits.

What a Shortage can Change Legally and Financially

Scarce care makes timing critical. If documents are missing or outdated, facilities and agencies may not accept instructions from loved ones. If assets are titled poorly, paying for interim care can trigger taxes, penalties, or loss of need-based benefits. A plan that works in a stable market may falter when waitlists and staffing shortages appear.

Documents to Put in Place before a Crisis

Decision-Making Authority

Create or update a durable financial power of attorney and a health care proxy. Add a HIPAA release, so clinicians can speak with named agents. Confirm successors in case a first choice is unavailable.

Care Directives

Use a living will or advance directive to state preferences for interventions, placement and end-of-life care. Add a short care memo that covers routine, food preferences, mobility needs and key medications. This helps when unfamiliar staff step in.

Access To Money that Matches Care Timelines

Keep at least one liquid account titled for quick agent access. Align automatic bill pay, Social Security deposits and insurance premiums so coverage does not lapse during transitions. Review beneficiary designations to avoid conflicts with the rest of the plan.

Funding Care when Supply Is Tight

Layer Private and Public Sources

Combine income, savings and long-term care insurance with Medicaid planning, where appropriate. Map the order of withdrawals to control taxes and preserve eligibility.

Hold a Short-Term Bridge

Keep a 60 to 90-day cash buffer for deposits, respite, or agency minimums. Reimburse family caregivers through written agreements that document duties and pay, which helps with Medicaid look-back analysis.

Verify Contracts and Waitlists

Read homecare and facility agreements for rate ladders, overtime rules, cancellation terms and minimum hours. Place names on multiple waitlists and keep contact logs to prove diligence.

Guardrails against Family Conflict

Clarify Roles

Assign one person to lead medical decisions and one to lead finances or name a professional fiduciary if family dynamics are tense. Write a short communication plan that sets out how updates are shared.

Document Gifts and Caregiver Pay

Use a written caregiver agreement if a child is paid, and record hours and tasks. Note any lifetime gifts and whether they are advancements against inheritance. Clear paper trails reduce later disputes.

How an Elder Law Attorney Helps

Legal planning for long-term care is essential to avoid headaches and financial jeopardy. An attorney aligns documents, titles and funding with local rules. They structure caregiver contracts, review facility agreements and design Medicaid timelines that account for look-back periods and fair-market payments. They also develop contingency plans for placement shortages and coordinate with care managers who are familiar with local capacity. If you would like to learn more about planning for caregivers, please visit our previous posts.

Reference: Otsuka US (May 20, 2025) “New Report Shows Nearly Half of U.S. States Are on the Threshold Of A Caregiving Emergency”

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Choosing a Guardian for Minor Children is Critical

October 14, 2025

Parents often focus on wills, trusts and financial planning. However, they overlook naming a guardian for their children. Choosing a guardian for your minor children is a critical step. Without this step, a court may decide who raises the child if both parents are unable to do so. While judges consider family ties and the child’s best interests, the decision may not reflect your preferences. Proactive planning provides peace of mind and helps prevent uncertainty during an already challenging time.

Key Considerations in Choosing a Guardian

Guardian selection should not be rushed. Families should weigh a variety of factors before naming someone.

Emotional and Practical Suitability:

The guardian should have the ability and willingness to provide both emotional stability and day-to-day care. Consider their relationship with the child, their parenting style and their values. A guardian’s age and health also matter. While grandparents may love deeply, they may not be physically equipped to raise young children long-term.

Financial Stability:

Raising children is expensive. A guardian does not need to be wealthy. However, they should have the financial means to provide a stable home. Estate planning tools, such as life insurance and trusts, can supplement the guardian’s resources and ensure that children’s needs are met.

Location and Lifestyle:

The guardian’s location may affect schooling, friendships and the child’s sense of continuity. Consider whether relocation would be necessary and assess the potential disruption it might cause. Lifestyle factors, such as work commitments, existing family dynamics, or religious beliefs, should also be considered to ensure alignment with your wishes.

Naming and Documenting a Guardian

Once you have decided on a guardian, it is crucial to make the designation legally binding.

Using a Will or Legal Document:

The primary place to name a guardian is in your will. Without this, the court decides. A clear, legally valid designation ensures your choice is respected. In some cases, you may include alternates if the first choice is unable or unwilling to serve.

Open Communication with Potential Guardians:

Before finalizing the decision, have an honest conversation with the chosen guardian. Confirm that they are comfortable with the responsibility and that they understand your expectations. Discuss practical matters, such as education, healthcare and long-term goals for your children.

The Role of Estate Planning in Supporting Guardians

A guardian’s role is primarily personal and emotional. However, financial structures can ease the transition.

Trusts to Manage Assets:

Appointing a trustee to manage the child’s inheritance allows the guardian to focus on caregiving. The trustee and guardian may be the same person or different individuals, depending on your comfort level. Separating financial and caregiving roles can sometimes reduce conflicts and ensure accountability.

Regular Review and Updates:

Life circumstances change. A chosen guardian may move, experience health problems, or no longer be the best fit. Revisiting your estate plan every few years ensures that the guardian designation remains appropriate.

Why Legal Guidance Is Essential

Guardian selection is a deeply personal decision. However, it also has legal and financial implications. An estate planning attorney ensures the designation is executed correctly and that supporting documents, such as wills, trusts and powers of attorney, work together to provide a safety net for your children.

Choosing a guardian for your minor children is a critical. Consulting an estate planning law firm provides peace of mind that your children will be cared for according to your wishes. If you would like to learn more about guardianship, please visit our previous posts.

Reference: BabyCenter “How to choose a guardian for your child”

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Prepare For When Your Special Needs Child Turns 18

July 16, 2025

When a child with special needs reaches the age of majority, parents often face unexpected challenges. While the child may still depend on them for daily support, the law begins treating them as independent in many areas, including healthcare decisions, legal contracts and access to government benefits. It is important to prepare for when your special needs child turns 18.

Preparing for this transition takes more than just a birthday celebration. Parents need to address guardianship, financial planning and benefit eligibility to ensure that their child is protected and supported.

Legal Decision-Making and Guardianship

At 18, individuals are presumed legally competent to make decisions, regardless of cognitive or developmental limitations. If a child cannot safely manage finances, health care, or other responsibilities, parents must seek legal authority.

Guardianship provides comprehensive decision-making power, whereas alternatives, such as power of attorney or supported decision-making agreements, offer varying levels of autonomy. Families should consider their child’s capabilities and needs before pursuing a legal route.

Each state has different procedures and standards for granting guardianship or its alternatives. Consulting with an attorney ensures that parents choose the most appropriate legal path and comply with local requirements.

Maintaining and Maximizing Government Benefits

Reaching adulthood can also impact eligibility for programs such as Supplemental Security Income (SSI), Medicaid, or vocational rehabilitation services. Many benefits shift to individual eligibility once the child turns 18, meaning that parental income no longer factors into the qualification process.

Families should apply for SSI as early as possible after a child turns 18 to establish eligibility and start receiving monthly support. Medicaid eligibility often follows, unlocking access to medical care and home-based services.

In some cases, parents who are retired, disabled, or deceased can trigger Disabled Adult Child (DAC) benefits through Social Security for their child, which may offer higher monthly support than SSI.

Financial and Long-Term Special Needs Planning Considerations

If parents plan to leave money for a child with disabilities, it’s critical to avoid compromising government benefits. A Special Needs Trust can hold funds, while preserving eligibility for programs like Medicaid or SSI. These trusts enable funds to be used for various purposes, including therapies, education, housing and enrichment.

Families should also make sure that their own estate plans reflect their child’s needs. This might include naming a guardian or trustee, outlining care instructions and avoiding direct inheritance that could disqualify the child from assistance. Work closely with an Elder Law attorney to prepare for when your special needs child turns 18.

Key Takeaways

Turning 18 changes legal status: Parents no longer have automatic authority to make decisions unless they pursue guardianship or legal alternatives.
Benefit eligibility becomes independent: SSI and Medicaid are based on the child’s income and assets after age 18.
Legal planning is essential: Powers of attorney, supported decision-making, or full guardianship may be needed.
Special Needs Trusts protect benefits: These tools enable parents to provide financial support without jeopardizing government aid.
Estate plans must reflect future care: Naming appropriate trustees, caregivers and legal representatives ensures long-term stability.

If you would like to learn more about special needs planning, please visit our previous posts.

Reference: Special Needs Alliance (Oct. 18, 2022) “The Top 5 Things to Know When Your Child With Disabilities Turns 18”

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Including Siblings in Estate Planning for a Child with Special Needs

May 22, 2025

When parents plan for the future of a child with special needs, they often focus on legal and financial tools, like special needs trusts and government benefits. However, one crucial group is usually left out of the conversation: the siblings. Siblings may one day step into caregiving or advocacy roles, formally or informally. They may be expected to help manage a trust, ensure their brother or sister receives appropriate care, or provide emotional support. Including siblings in the estate planning process for a child with special needs creates a foundation for smoother transitions, reduces misunderstandings and gives everyone a clearer sense of their role.

Why Siblings Matter in Long-Term Planning

Siblings are likely to be the longest-standing relationships in a person’s life. As parents age or pass away, brothers or sisters often remain. Even when a sibling won’t serve as a primary caregiver or trustee, they will likely be involved in day-to-day support, communication with care providers, or an emotional anchor.

Nevertheless, siblings are often unaware of their parents’ intentions. They may not understand the purpose of a special needs trust or how decisions will be made after the parents are no longer involved. This lack of clarity can lead to confusion, resentment, or even legal conflict, particularly if siblings are also beneficiaries of the estate.

Opening the Conversation

Including siblings starts with honest communication. Parents should share the basics of their estate plan, explain how decisions have been made and invite questions or concerns. Topics may include:

Who will serve as the trustee or successor trustee of a special needs trust
How resources will be allocated among siblings
What expectations (if any) exist for caregiving or advocacy
How government benefits are being protected through legal planning

This conversation doesn’t need to happen all at once. Instead, family discussions can gradually unfold as siblings mature and understand each other’s needs. The key is ensuring that they feel informed and supported, not burdened.

Legal and Financial Education for Siblings of Special Needs Children

Parents should also ensure that siblings have access to the legal and financial information they may need someday for the family or the child with special needs. This may include providing copies of estate planning documents, explaining the function of the special needs trust, or walking them through how public benefits, like Medicaid or SSI, are affected by financial support.

Naming a sibling as a future trustee, power of attorney, or healthcare proxy without adequate preparation sets them up for stress and potential failure. Parents should consider naming a professional fiduciary or co-trustee to provide support if a sibling is unwilling or unable to serve in these roles.

Creating a Team Approach in Special Needs Planning

Planning doesn’t have to fall on one person’s shoulders. Families often succeed by creating a “care team” approach that includes parents, siblings, professionals and close family friends. Roles can be shared or divided—for example, one sibling might handle legal decisions while another provides social support.

Clear documentation of these roles within estate planning documents and written letters of intent helps ensure consistency if multiple people are involved in the care or oversight of a sibling with special needs.

Strengthening Family Bonds Through Inclusion

Including siblings in the estate planning process for a child with special needs isn’t just a practical decision—it’s an emotional one. It signals trust, values their role and lays the groundwork for cooperation. It also honors the future relationship between siblings, ensuring that love and respect continue even after the parents are gone.

Planning with siblings in mind helps prevent conflict, confusion and unintended consequences. Most importantly, it ensures that people with special needs receive the lifelong support they deserve. If you would like to learn more about special needs planning, please visit our previous posts.

Reference: MassMutual (July 19, 2023) “Living with special needs: The sibling perspective”

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Legal Planning is Important for the Sandwich Generation

November 20, 2024

Adults of the sandwich generation find themselves responsible for both their children and their aging parents, an increasingly common situation with struggling youth and a growing elderly population. As someone ages and faces growing health issues, caregivers face increasing workloads, stress and burnout. Legal planning is important for the sandwich generation to reduce uncertainty and make future challenges easier.

The sandwich generation often faces a tricky balancing act. People born in the 1940s and 1950s live longer. However, many are experiencing more health issues than previous generations. According to research from University College London and Oxford University, today’s older adults are more likely to suffer from multiple health problems, such as diabetes or obesity, which complicate their care needs.

At the same time, parents today face new demands from their children, including issues like mental health challenges and children staying in the family home longer due to financial reasons. Caring for both generations can feel like an overwhelming responsibility.

Without proper planning, the emotional and financial costs of caring for aging parents can be enormous. One solution is to work with an elder law attorney to create legal documents and plans that provide peace of mind. These legal plans may include:

Powers of attorney: Ensuring someone can make financial and medical decisions if your parent or loved one cannot.
Health care directives: Ensure that your loved one’s wishes for medical care are respected.
Guardianship and conservatorship: Appointing a trusted person to care for someone who can no longer decide for themselves.

Legal planning ensures that your parents are protected and helps avoid family disputes about who will care for them and how their finances will be managed.

Legal issues can arise unexpectedly for many families if no planning is in place. A lack of legal documents can lead to disputes, confusion and expensive court battles over care. Without proper planning, adult children may end up shouldering the financial burden of their parent’s care and their children’s needs.

Some sandwich generation members face a situation where they care for their children, aging parents and grandparents. This “club sandwich” generation is responsible for four generations, which increases the pressure and makes planning even more critical.

It’s never too early to start planning. Waiting until a health crisis strikes can limit your options. Early planning gives you time to consider your loved one’s future care needs carefully and ensures that their wishes are followed. An elder law attorney can guide you through essential decisions before emergencies, helping you avoid unnecessary stress and financial strain.

An elder law attorney can assist you in making decisions regarding your parents’ long-term care and financial well-being. They can create a customized plan that meets your family’s unique needs, ensuring that everything is in place before significant life changes occur. With the guidance of an attorney, you can focus on spending time with your loved ones instead of worrying about legal and financial details.

Key Takeaways:

Protect your parents’ wishes: Ensure that healthcare and financial decisions align with your loved ones’ preferences.
Avoid family conflict: Legal planning helps prevent disputes over caregiving responsibilities and financial matters.
Plan for health crises: Preparing in advance provides peace of mind and reduces stress during emergencies.
Secure legal authority: Powers of attorney and healthcare directives ensure that trusted individuals can act on your behalf.
Ease financial burdens: Careful planning helps manage care costs and prevents unexpected financial strain on your family.

Are you feeling overwhelmed by caring for both your parents and your children? Legal planning for the sandwich generation is important because it can help you regain control and bring peace of mind. If you would like to learn more about planning for caregivers, please visit our previous posts.

Reference: The Guardian (Oct. 13, 2024) “Guilt, Worry, Resentment: How the ‘Club Sandwich’ Generation Juggles Caring for Parents, Children and Grandparents”

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Safeguarding Wealth is an Essential Strategy for Senior Women

September 30, 2024

Women are living longer and facing unique financial challenges. With life expectancy for women being higher than men, senior women need their retirement savings to stretch further. According to JP Morgan, they often find themselves with less saved due to career breaks for caregiving and the persistent gender pay gap. Safeguarding wealth is an essential strategy for senior women to ensure financial security in their later years.

Retirement planning for women should consider their longer life expectancy and potential career interruptions. A well-crafted financial plan, designed with the help of knowledgeable advisors, can help address these concerns.

Women should actively participate in creating a plan that aligns with their lifestyle needs and future goals, factoring in anticipated and unplanned career breaks. It is also essential to regularly assess savings and investments to ensure that they are on track for a comfortable retirement.

Many women find themselves in the role of caregiver for aging parents. This responsibility often comes with both emotional and financial burdens. Women are more likely than men to leave their jobs to take care of aging parents, impacting their own retirement savings.

Beyond financial concerns, women should also consider the time and energy required for caregiving. Planning with family discussions about responsibilities can help ensure that these roles are agreed upon and manageable.

The American College of Trust and Estate Counsel Foundation highlighted the importance of women’s estate planning with the story of Huguette Clark, a wealthy woman who became isolated in her later years. Despite her wealth, Clark spent the last 20 years of her life alone in a hospital room, away from her multiple luxurious homes. She was fearful that everyone was after her money and chose to remain secluded.

Clark’s relatives challenged her will, claiming she was not of a sound mind when it was created. The case was settled. However, it illustrates how vital it is for senior women to protect their wealth and ensure that their wishes are respected.

Women should actively engage in estate planning to protect their wealth and ensure their financial security. This includes creating a will, setting up trusts and naming trusted individuals to manage their estate in case of incapacity. Understanding and participating in these decisions are crucial for senior women to prevent potential disputes and ensure that their assets are distributed according to their wishes.

Estate administration is another critical aspect of wealth planning for women. When a loved one passes, the burden of administering their estate often falls on women. This role includes locating assets, paying off debts and distributing inheritances, which can be a complex and time-consuming process. By planning ahead and discussing estate administration with family members, women can ensure that they are prepared to take on this role or appoint someone else who is better suited.

Safeguarding wealth is an essential strategy for senior women. If you are looking to secure their financial future, assembling a team of trusted advisors is a crucial first step. This team should include a financial advisor, an estate planning attorney and a tax professional who understand women’s unique challenges.

These advisors can help develop a comprehensive plan that aligns with a woman’s financial goals, family responsibilities and long-term needs. Regular communication with this team ensures that the plan adapts to changing circumstances, providing peace of mind and financial security. If you would like to learn more about planning for women, please visit our previous posts.

References: J.P. Morgan (Mar. 20, 2024) “Wealth Planning Is a Women’s Issue” and The American College of Trust and Estate Counsel (ACTEC) Foundation (Mar. 20, 2024) “Balancing Independence and Vulnerability of Older Adults: What if Granny Wants to Gamble?”

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The Estate of The Union Season 4|Episode 7

The Estate of The Union Season 3|Episode 6 is out now!

June 17, 2024

The Estate of The Union Season 3|Episode 6 is out now! When struck with an unexpected illness, many families must travel to get the quality of care required to treat their ailment, but cannot afford the expenses of temporarily living in a new city. That’s where Ronald McDonald House Charities steps in.

Ronald McDonald House Charities serves as a beacon of hope for families facing unimaginable challenges. Their mission, deeply rooted in compassion and community, resonates strongly in Central Texas and beyond. Through their tireless efforts, they provide vital support to families with critically ill or injured children, ensuring they have a home away from home during their time of need.

In our upcoming episode, we delve into the profound impact of Ronald McDonald House Charities on the local Central Texas community. Zachary B. Wiewel had the privilege of speaking with Derrick Lesnau, outgoing Chief Operating Officer, who graciously shared his insights into the organization’s mission and the invaluable services they provide.

In each episode of The Estate of The Union podcast, host and lawyer Brad Wiewel will give valuable insights into the confusing world of estate planning, making an often daunting subject easier to understand. It is Estate Planning Made Simple! The Estate of The Union Season 3|Episode 6 is out now! The episode can be found on Spotify, Apple podcasts, or anywhere you get your podcasts. If you would prefer to watch the video version, please visit our YouTube page. Please click on the links to listen to or watch the new installment of The Estate of The Union podcast. We hope you enjoy it.

Texas Trust Law focuses its practice exclusively in the area of wills, probate, estate planning, asset protection, and special needs planning. Brad Wiewel is Board Certified in Estate Planning and Probate Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization. We provide estate planning services, asset protection planning, business planning, and retirement exit strategies.

The Estate of The Union Season 3|Episode 4 is out now!

April 30, 2024

The Estate of The Union Season 3|Episode 4 is out now! It surprises some people to discover that the mortality rate in Texas and the USA and the world for that matter is 100%! None of us are getting out of here alive. How we leave this planet can sometimes be determined by how we want to.

While many people die suddenly, many others linger. And the prolonged dying process is where Hospice Austin come into play. We are privileged to have Keisha Jones, the Director of In-Patient Services at Hospice Austin share with us a “better way to die.”

While there are many for profit hospices, and an article in a recent edition of Scientific American highlighted that Hedge Funds are buying up hospices nationwide, Hospice Austin is the only non-profit one in this area. Keisha shares her unique insights into the dying process and gives hope, and we are very thankful for her allowing us to interview her.

To learn more about the incredibly valuable work that Hospice Austin does for the community, please visit their website: www.hospiceaustin.org

In each episode of The Estate of The Union podcast, host and lawyer Brad Wiewel will give valuable insights into the confusing world of estate planning, making an often daunting subject easier to understand. It is Estate Planning Made Simple! The Estate of The Union Season 3|Episode 4 is out now! The episode can be found on Spotify, Apple podcasts, or anywhere you get your podcasts. If you would prefer to watch the video version, please visit our YouTube page. Please click on the links to listen to or watch the new installment of The Estate of The Union podcast. We hope you enjoy it.

Navigating Advance Directives in Dementia Care

January 11, 2024

Navigating the complexities of advance directives in dementia care is one of the biggest challenges for caregivers. The concept of advance directives in healthcare is both a cornerstone of patient autonomy and a source of profound ethical dilemmas, particularly in the context of dementia. This was poignantly illustrated in a recent New York Times article by Dr. Sandeep Jauhar, who shares his personal story about his father’s battle with dementia. This article delves into the complexities surrounding advance directives, especially for patients with dementia, and offers guidance for families grappling with these challenging decisions.

Understanding Advance Directives

Advance directives are legal documents that allow individuals to outline their preferences for medical care if they cannot make decisions for themselves. These directives are crucial in ensuring that a patient’s wishes are respected, particularly at the end of life. However, when it comes to progressive conditions like dementia, the clarity of these directives often becomes blurred.

The Dilemma in Dementia Care

Dementia uniquely challenges the concept of advance directives. As Dr. Jauhar describes, the person who made the directive may evolve into someone with different desires and capacities. This transformation raises the question: should we honor the wishes of the person who drafted the directive, or should we consider the current state and apparent desires of the patient?

Ethical Considerations

This situation presents a significant ethical dilemma. On the one hand, there’s the principle of respecting the patient’s autonomy as expressed in their advance directive. On the other hand, there’s the issue of non-maleficence — the duty to do no harm — which could conflict with a directive when a patient seems content in their current condition despite severe cognitive impairment.

The Role of Family and Caregivers

Families and caregivers often find themselves at the heart of this conflict. They must balance respect for the patient’s previously stated wishes with empathy for their current state. Effective communication among family members and healthcare providers is crucial in navigating these decisions.

Legal and Medical Perspectives

Advance directives legally are typically held as the definitive expression of a patient’s wishes. However, the medical community is increasingly recognizing the need for flexibility, especially in the context of diseases like dementia that significantly alter a patient’s cognitive and emotional state.

Rethinking Advance Directives

There’s a growing consensus that advance directives need to accommodate the possibility of changing perspectives, especially for conditions that affect cognitive function. This could involve incorporating specific clauses about cognitive decline or changing desires in the directive.

Practical Advice for Families

Families should approach advance directives as dynamic documents. It’s essential to regularly revisit and potentially revise these directives, considering the patient’s evolving health status and wishes. Open discussions about end-of-life preferences are crucial, as is seeking advice from healthcare professionals and legal experts.

Conclusion

The journey through a loved one’s dementia, as Dr. Jauhar’s story illustrates, is fraught with complexities and emotional challenges. While respecting a patient’s past wishes is crucial, so is recognizing their present state and evolving desires. The balance between these perspectives is delicate but fundamental in end-of-life care.

Empathy, understanding, and open communication remain our most powerful tools as we continue to confront these issues. It’s imperative to not only consider what was desired in the past but also to remain sensitive to the needs and happiness of the patient in their current state.

For those seeking guidance navigating advance directives, especially in the context of dementia care, it is advisable to consult with a local estate planning attorney. These professionals can provide invaluable assistance in drafting and updating advance directives to reflect your or your loved one’s evolving wishes and medical circumstances. Reach out to your local estate planning attorney today to ensure that your advance directives are consistent with your current desires and legal standards. If you would like to learn more about advance directives, please visit our previous posts.

Reference: New York Times – “My Father Didn’t Want to Live if He Had Dementia. But Then He Had It.” by Dr. Sandeep Jauhar.

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Estate Planning for Unmarried Senior Couples

January 10, 2024

An increasing number of couples at various stages of life are choosing to live together without marrying, making estate planning a bit more challenging. This is especially true when considering estate planning for unmarried senior couples, according to a recent article from Kiplinger, “Estate Planning and the Legal Quirks of Retiree Cohabitation.”

From one perspective, living together without being legally married provides an advantage: you have your own estate plan. You may distribute assets after death with no obligation to leave anything to a partner or their biological children. In many jurisdictions, the law requires spouses to leave a significant portion to their surviving spouse. This doesn’t apply if you’re cohabitating.

However, there are downsides. For example, a surviving unmarried partner doesn’t benefit from inheriting assets without estate taxes. A non-spouse transferring assets may find themselves generating sizable estate or income taxes. To avoid this, your estate planning attorney will discuss tax liability strategies.

Owning real property together can get complicated. Consider an unmarried couple buying a property solely in one person’s name, excluding the partner to sidestep any possible gift taxes. If the sole owner dies, the partner has no claim to the property. The solution could be planning for property rights in the estate plan, possibly leaving the property outright to the partner or in trust for the partner’s use throughout their lifetime. It still has to be planned for in advance of incapacity or, of course, death.

Regarding healthcare communication and directives, special care must be taken to ensure that the couple can be involved in each other’s care and decision-making. By law, decision-making might default to the married spouse or kin. Without a designated healthcare proxy, a cohabitating partner has no legal authority to obtain medical information, make medical decisions, or, in some cases, won’t even have the ability to have access to a hospitalized partner. A healthcare power of attorney is essential for unmarried couples.

For senior couples living together, blending families can be challenging. However, blending finances can be even more complex. Living together later in life can create many concerns if there are former spouses or children from a prior relationship. If a senior decides to marry, they are advised to have a prenuptial agreement so children from previous unions are not disinherited. If a potential spouse has big issues signing such a document, it should raise a red flag to their motivation to marry.

Living together without the legal protection of marriage is an individual decision and may be seen as a means of avoiding legalities. However, it needs to be examined from the perspective of estate planning for the unmarried senior couple, to protect both parties and their families. Couples must prepare for the future, for better or worse, in sickness and health. If you would like to learn more about estate planning for unmarried couples, please visit our previous posts.

Reference: Kiplinger (Dec. 6, 2023) “Estate Planning and the Legal Quirks of Retiree Cohabitation”

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Category: Caregivers