Corporate Transparency Act May Impact Estate Planning

March 21, 2023

A recent federal law, the Corporate Transparency Act may have a have an impact on your estate planning. The law mandates reporting to the government that may affect many of those who’ve done estate planning, asset protection planning, or own real estate. Forbes’s recent article entitled “Corporate Transparency Act Affects Your Estate Plan” explains that, while users of this information are supposed to be carefully limited to governing agencies, its breadth and disclosures, may seem invasive.

The goal of the new legislation is to wade through the entity formalities and find out who truly owns the company and its assets. The Act is part of a growing worldwide effort to thwart illegal activities, including tax evasion, money-laundering, tax fraud and other financial crimes.

This type of reporting is new to the U.S. The rules are quite different than anything that’s been around in the past. The law is designed to have the U.S. catch up to the reporting standards common in other developed countries. These reporting requirements are very different from tax returns.

The CTA reporting requirements could affect the owners or principals behind or involved in almost all business entities. This includes limited liability companies (LLCs), corporations, limited partnerships and other closely held entities. Most of the entities created as part of your planning may be subjected to the new rules:

Investment planning might include forming a holding company to aggregate securities and other investments. A small business or a rental real estate property are typically segregated into separate entities to avoid a domino effect, if there is a lawsuit involving the underlying asset.
Your estate plan might include the creation of one or more LLCs designed to hold other assets or even other entities to facilitate trust funding or trust administration. A family limited partnership might be created to hold investment assets for management or estate tax valuation discount purposes.
If you’re doing asset protection planning, an experienced estate planning attorney may help you to form different entities to insulate the underlying assets from claims of creditors.

Experts say there could be more than 30 million entities that will be required to file. Work closely with your estate planning attorney to see how the corporate transparency act may impact your estate planning. If you would like to learn more about the LLCs and business planning, please visit our previous posts.

Reference: Forbes (Feb. 26, 2023) “Corporate Transparency Act Affects Your Estate Plan”

Include your Memorabilia in your Estate Planning

March 20, 2023

Do you have a shoebox full of old baseball cards? Or perhaps an old collection of action figures from the many Star Wars movies? This memorabilia certainly has value to you, and you may want to pass it down to your family. The best solution is to include your memorabilia in your estate planning. Kiplinger’s recent article entitled “Estate Planning for Memorabilia Collectors: Don’t Leave Your Family in the Lurch” says the first step is to know what you have. Make a thorough and updated inventory to help your family understand the scale of the collection and where the items are located. Make sure the inventory is current and has detailed information about the items, like if a piece of memorabilia is signed or if it was game-used.

It’s also wise to log valuations along with the items’ description. You can try to stay on top of when comparable items sell at auction and follow industry publications to keep your valuations as current as possible. Every sector of collectible is different. Some items see their valuations fluctuate more than others. Even so, it’s helpful to have a ballpark idea of the total value of the collection. At some point, it might be worth hiring an appraiser to give you a formal valuation of the collection.

As far as authentication, many items need supporting paperwork to verify they’re legitimate. As you plan for your family to handle the sale of your items, they’ll need to know that those documents are an essential part of the collection and where they are.

When you’re walking them through your inventory, note where the items are identified as having separate certificates of authenticity and make sure they know where to find them. This can be as simple as using file folders.

When it comes time to sell, where does your family go Whether it’s sports memorabilia, coins, stamps, or just about anything else, there are dealers who are willing to purchase the collection. If you go into a collectibles shop that’s only buying items they plan to resell, you can expect to get about half of a collection’s actual value.

You can help your loved ones by making connections with auction houses that would be interested in bringing your collection up for sale. This can be a highly specialized area, so you’ll be saving your beneficiaries a big pain if you give them information about where they will get a fair price. Speak with your estate planning attorney about how to include your memorabilia in your estate planning. If you would like to learn more about managing personal property, please visit our previous posts.

Reference: Kiplinger (Feb. 26, 2023) “Estate Planning for Memorabilia Collectors: Don’t Leave Your Family in the Lurch”

Some Best Practices for a Trustee to follow

March 9, 2023

Many people find they have been named a trustee and generally have no idea what responsibilities they have, or how to ensure they do not make a huge mistake. There are some best practices for a trustee to follow. Forbes’ recent article entitled “How To Be An Effective Trustee” provides some great best practices for those asked to be a trustee.

Make a team. No one person can have all the necessary skills and experience to be an effective trustee. Work with an experienced estate planning attorney, an investment advisor and a tax accountant knowledgeable about the taxation of trusts. It’s a good practice for the trustee to have regular meetings with the team of advisors, both as a team and individually.
Understand the key trust terms. Understand what the trust document says and what the key terms mean. When you are named as trustee, a best practice is to read the entire trust document and go through the document with an attorney and have them explain the key terms. Some of these key terms may involve the following:

Distribution standards
Special provisions for investing, particularly direction to sell or not to sell certain assets
Provisions the trustee should act upon, like the power to appoint a successor; and
Knowing whether the beneficiary’s age will trigger distributions or any other actions.

Work productively with beneficiaries. Dealing with beneficiaries is frequently the most challenging part of being a trustee. There can be differences of opinion over distribution amounts, investment strategy, or other matters relating to the management of the trust which can lead to disagreement. To avoid potential issues with beneficiaries and facilitate a productive relationship, trustees should try to practice following:

Communication
Transparency
Education
Clear Distributions; and
Providing Required Information.

Documentation is Crucial. Although trustees can’t guarantee perfect results, they must act with care, skill and impartiality. They must have rational reasons for their decisions and documenting them is critical because it substantiates the trustee’s decision-making. Some examples of decisions that should be thoroughly documented include:

Distribution Decisions
Decisions That Set Investment Policy
Initiation or Termination of Investments and Hiring and Firing Investment Managers/Funds
Principal and Income Allocations;
Verbal Communications with Beneficiaries; And
Decisions to Hire Experts or Agents, like an attorney or an accountant.

This is not full list. It is very important to seek out the advice of an estate planning attorney. He or she will help you identify some of the best practices for a trustee to follow. If you would like to learn more about the role of a trustee, please visit our previous posts.

Reference: Forbes (May 31, 2022) “How To Be An Effective Trustee”

Consider placing your Home in a Property Trust

March 7, 2023

Property trusts allow you to place your personal residence or any property you own into a trust to be given to a beneficiary, explains a recent article, “When Should I Put My Home in a Trust,” from yahoo!life.com. Consider placing your home in a property trust. A property trust makes it far more likely your home will go to its intended beneficiary.

The property trust can be a revocable or irrevocable trust. Which one you use depends on your unique circumstances. If it’s a revocable trust, you can change the terms of the trust up until your death. However, because you maintain control of the asset in a revocable trust, it’s not protected from creditors.

If the main reason you’ve put the house into a trust is to protect it from creditors, a court could reclaim the asset if it were determined the sole reason for the transfer into the trust was to elude creditors.

Generally speaking, people have three basic reasons to place their homes into property trusts—to avoid probate, to keep their transaction private and to keep the transfer simple.

Avoiding probate. People who put their homes in a property trust often do so to avoid having their home going through the probate process. When the owner dies, their estate goes through this court process and any debts or taxes owed on the property are paid. If there is no will giving direction to how the property should be distributed, then it is distributed according to the state’s laws.

If the home is not in a trust and not mentioned in a will, the property will usually go to a spouse or child, although there’s no guarantee this will happen. If there is no spouse and no offspring, the property will go to the next closest living relative, such as a parent, sibling, niece, or nephew. If no living relative can be found, the state inherits the property.

Chances are you don’t want the state getting your family home. Having a will, even if you don’t put your property into a trust, is a better alternative.

The cost and time of probate is another reason why people put their homes in trusts. Probate costs are borne by the estate and thus the beneficiaries. Probate also takes time and while probate is in process, homes need maintenance, taxes need to be paid and costs add up. If the house is sitting empty, it can become a target for thieves and property scammers.

Another benefit of a property trust is to keep the transfer of the home private. If it goes through probate, the transfer of property becomes part of the court record, and anyone will be able to see who inherited the home. When family dynamics are complicated, this can create long-lasting family battles.

A property trust is also far simpler for your executor, especially if the home is in another state. If you have a vacation home in Arizona but live in Michigan, your executor will have to navigate probate in both states.

Speak with an estate planning attorney if you want to consider placing your home in a property trust. They will create a property trust and transfer the property into the trust. This is a straightforward process. However, without the guidance of an experienced professional, mistakes can easily be made. If you are interested in reading more about managing property in your estate plan, please visit our previous posts.

Reference: yahoo!life.com (Jan. 31, 2023) “When Should I Put My Home in a Trust”

Steps Seniors should take before Remarrying

March 6, 2023

Seniors in particular think about remarrying with an understandable degree of concern. Maybe your last relationship ended in a divorce, or there’ve been too many dating disasters. However, according to a recent article from MSN, “Planning to remarry after a divorce? 6 tips to protect your financial future,” there are some steps seniors should take before remarrying to make relationships easier to navigate and protect your financial future.

Not all of them are easy, but all are worthwhile.

No marrying without a prenup. Who wants to think about divorce when they’re head-over-heels in love and planning a wedding? No one. However, think of a prenup as about the start, not the end. It clarifies many issues: full financial clarity, financial expectations and clear details on what would happen in the worst case scenario. Getting all this out in the open before you say “I do” makes it much easier for the new couple to go forward.

Trust…but verify. Estate planning ensures that assets pass as you want. A revocable living trust set up during your lifetime can be used to ensure your assets pass to your offspring. Unlike a will, the provisions of a revocable trust are effective not just when you die but in the event of incapacity. A living trust can provide for the trust creator and their children during any period of incapacity prior to death. At death, the trust ensures that beneficiaries receive assets without going through probate.

Consider life insurance. Life insurance, possibly held in an irrevocable life insurance trust (ILIT), which allows proceeds to pass tax-free, can be used to provide funds for a surviving spouse or children from a prior marriage. Make sure to review all insurance policies, including life, property and casualty and umbrella insurance to be sure you have the correct coverage in place, insurance policies are titled correctly and premiums continue to be paid.

Estate planning. While you are planning to remarry is a good time to check on account titles, beneficiary designations and powers of attorney. Couples should review their estate plans to be sure planning reflects current wishes. Married couples have the benefit of the unlimited marital deduction, meaning they can gift during their lifetime or bequeath at death an unlimited amount of assets to their U.S. citizen surviving spouse without any gift or estate tax. For unmarried couples, different estate planning techniques need to be used to pass the maximum amount to partners tax free.

Check beneficiaries. After divorce and before a remarriage, check beneficiaries on 401(k)s, pensions, retirement accounts and life insurance policies, Power of Attorney and Health Care Power of Attorney documents. If you remarry, a prenup agreement or state law may require you to give some portion of your estate to your spouse, so have an estate planning attorney guide you through any changes. Couples should also check beneficiaries of life insurance and retirement plans.

Choose trustees wisely. Consider the advantages of a corporate trustee, who will be neutral and may prevent tensions with a newly blended family. If an outsider is named as an executor, or to act as a trustee, they may be able to minimize conflict. They’ll also have the professional knowledge and expertise with legal, tax and administrative complexities of administering estates and trusts.

These are just some of the major steps seniors should take before remarrying. Sit down and discuss the implications on you planning with your estate planning lawyer. If you would like to learn more about remarriage protection, please visit our previous posts.

Reference: MSN (Feb. 11, 2023) “Planning to remarry after a divorce? 6 tips to protect your financial future”

Consider Annuities in your Estate Planning

March 2, 2023

Many people have annuities tied to their retirement accounts. It might be wise to consider annuities in your estate planning. Annuities are contracts between you and an insurance company, which is unlike retirement investment accounts like 401(k)s or individual retirement accounts (IRAs).

Forbes’ recent article entitled “What Is An Annuity Beneficiary?” explains that, with an annuity, you make a lump sum payment or a series of payments over a set period to the insurance company. In exchange, the insurance company will pay out a stream of income in retirement or at a predetermined future date, depending on the type of annuity purchased.

There are a number of benefits to annuities, such as a predictable income in retirement, tax-deferred growth and a death benefit if you pass away. There are several different types of annuities, but they can be grouped into three main categories:

Fixed annuity. If you buy a fixed annuity, the insurance company will pay you a minimum rate of interest and a fixed amount of periodic payments. These are the safest type of annuity because you know the minimum you’ll earn.
Indexed annuity. This combines features of annuities and investment securities. The insurance company’s payments are based on the performance of a stock market index, such as the S&P 500. When the index performs well, the value of the indexed annuity increases. However, it can also decline along with the index’s performance.
Variable annuity. With this type of annuity, you can use your annuity payments for investment products, like mutual funds. Your payout is based on the performance of how much you invest and the rate of return on those securities. These annuities can be risky. However, they have the potential for higher returns.

Whoever signs an annuity contract is considered the owner, who selects the way the annuity will be funded, how payouts will be made and the recipient of the payouts. They also name beneficiaries, control withdrawals and have the power to cancel the contract. An “annuitant” is the person who gets income payments from an annuity contract.

Some annuities have death-benefit provisions, so you can name someone to inherit the remaining annuity payments if you die before it’s been fully paid. The designated recipient of that benefit is known as the annuity beneficiary.

The death benefit of an annuity is typically the remaining contract value or the amount of premiums, minus any withdrawals, upon the annuity holder’s death. Discuss with your estate planning attorney whether or not you should consider annuities as part of your estate planning strategy. If you would like to learn more about annuities and how they work, please visit our previous posts.

Reference: Forbes (Jan. 19, 2023) “What Is An Annuity Beneficiary?”

Consider Portability as a Solution for your Surviving Spouse

March 1, 2023

If you expect to have a large portion of your unused estate tax exemption remaining, you might consider portability as a solution for your surviving spouse. Portability is a process in which any unused estate tax exemption can be transferred from the deceased spouse to the surviving spouse, according to a recent article from Ag Web, “Use Portability to Avoid a Potential Multi-Million Dollar Estate Mistake.”

What portability helps the surviving spouse to achieve is to put their assets in the best position to be transferred upon their death, to the next generation, with little or no estate taxes being owed.

In 2023, each spouse has a $12.92 million exemption from federal gift and estate taxes, but this high amount is set to drop about $6.6 million per person in 2026. Electing portability now will lock in the high exemption if a spouse dies before December 31, 2025, when the high exemption level ends.

The portability election does not happen automatically, and its critical to take this action, even if all assets were jointly owned and no taxes are owed when the first spouse dies. To elect portability, the surviving spouse must file form 706 Federal Estate Tax Return with the IRS.

Many financial advisors may not believe electing portability is necessary. However, it is. One estate planning attorney advises financial advisors and CPAs to obtain a written document affirming their decision from surviving spouses, if they decline to elect portability.

Portability is relatively recent to married farming couples. This is why many people in the agricultural sector may not be aware of it. An estate planning attorney can help the surviving spouse to file a Form 706. The value of assets may be estimated to the nearest quarter million dollars of value at the first spouse’s death.

Form 706 must be submitted to the IRS within nine months of the first spouses’ death. The deadline can be extended with the use of Form 4768 for an additional six months. However, if the surviving spouse misses the initial deadlines for filing, they can still elect portability up to five years from the date of their spouse’s death, by invoking “Relief under Revenue Procedure 2022-32.”

There were so many applications for extensions made to the IRS that in 2022, the change was made to give surviving spouses more flexibility in applying for portability.

Talk with your estate planning attorney to consider portability as a solution for your surviving spouse. If you would like to learn more about portability, please visit our previous posts.

Reference: Ag Web (Jan. 30, 2023) “Use Portability to Avoid a Potential Multi-Million Dollar Estate Mistake.”

Better to have a Revocable or an Irrevocable Trust?

February 20, 2023

Is it better to have a revocable or irrevocable trust? It’s not always obvious which type of trust is the best for an individual, says a recent article titled “Which is Best for Me: Trusts” from Westchester & Fairfield County Business Journals.

In a revocable living trust (RLT), the creator of the trust, known as the “grantor,” benefits from the trust and can be the sole Trustee. While living, the grantor/trustee has full control of the real estate property, bank accounts or investments placed in the trust. The grantor can also amend, modify and revoke the trust.

The goal of a revocable trust is mainly to avoid probate at death. Probate is the process of admitting your last will and testament in the court in the county where you lived to have your last will deemed legally valid. This is also when the court appoints the executor named in your last will. The executor then has access to the estate’s assets to pay bills and distribute funds to beneficiaries as named in the last will.

Probate can take six months to several years to complete, depending upon the complexity of the estate and the jurisdiction. Once the estate is probated, your estate is part of the public record.

A revocable living trust and the transfer of assets into the trust can accomplish everything a last will can. However, distribution of assets at the time of death remains private and the court is not involved. Distribution of assets takes place according to the instructions in the trust.

By comparison, irrevocable trusts are not easily revoked or changed. Most irrevocable trusts are used as a planning tool to transfer assets for the benefit of another person without making an outright gift, or for purposes of Medicaid or estate tax planning. An Irrevocable Medicaid Asset Protection Trust is used to allow an individual to protect their life savings and home from the cost of long-term care, while allowing the trust’s creator to continue to live in their home and benefit from income generated by assets transferred into the irrevocable trust.

The grantor may not be a trustee of an irrevocable trust and the transfer of assets to a Medicaid Asset Protection trust starts a five-year penalty period for Nursing Home Medicaid and a two-and-a-half-year penalty period for Home Care Medicaid for applications filed after March 1, 2024. After the penalty (or “look back”) periods expire, the funds held by the trust are protected and are not considered countable assets for Medicaid.

An irrevocable trust can also be used to transfer assets for the benefit of a loved one, friend, child, or grandchild. Assets are not controlled by the beneficiaries but can be used by the trustee for the beneficiary’s health, education, maintenance and support.

Trusts are used to reduce the size of the taxable estate, to plan for the well-being of loved ones, and to protect the individual and couple if long-term care is needed. Whether it is better to have a revocable or an irrevocable trust depends a lot on your own circumstances. Speak with an estate planning attorney about which trust is best for your unique situation. If you would like to learn more about trusts, please visit our previous posts.

Reference: Westchester & Fairfield County Business Journals (Jan. 26, 2023) “Which is Best for Me: Trusts”

Photo by Mikhail Nilov

The Estate of The Union Season 3|Episode 3

The Estate of The Union Season 2|Episode 6 is out now!

February 15, 2023

The Estate of The Union Season 2|Episode 6 is out now!

In the latest episode of Estate of the Union, Brad Wiewel is joined by guest, and his youngest son, Zach Wiewel to talk about the fascinating, and often chaotic estate planning mistakes of celebrities. Join them as they take a dive into the wills of the famous, such as Chief Justice Warren Burger, Princess Diana, Michael Jackson, Leona Helmsley and more. Brad and Zach break down how well these celebrity Wills were written and what kind of mistakes they made that YOU can avoid. It is a lively and entertaining episode.

In each episode of The Estate of The Union podcast, host and lawyer Brad Wiewel will give valuable insights into the confusing world of estate planning, making an often daunting subject easier to understand. It is Estate Planning Made Simple! The Estate of The Union Season 2|Episode 6 is out now! The episode can be found on Spotify, Apple podcasts, or anywhere you get your podcasts. If you would prefer to watch the video version, please visit our YouTube page. Please click on the links below to listen to or watch the new installment of The Estate of The Union podcast. We hope you enjoy it.

Texas Trust Law focuses its practice exclusively in the area of wills, probate, estate planning, asset protection, and special needs planning. Brad Wiewel is Board Certified in Estate Planning and Probate Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization. We provide estate planning services, asset protection planning, business planning, and retirement exit strategies.

Benefits of Creating a Life Estate

February 14, 2023

Today’s post discusses the significant benefits of creating a life estate. Quicken Loans’ recent article entitled “What Is A Life Estate And What Property Rights Does It Confer?” says by understanding the features of a life estate and creating one at the right time, you can enjoy several benefits, including the following:

Property Avoids Probate. Property in a life estate doesn’t go through probate. Instead, it just transfers ownership to the remainderman. This saves time and stress. It also eliminates the complications that arise when trying to spell out your intentions for your property in a will.

Property is No Longer Part of The Estate. Once your state’s Medicaid look-back period has passed, a property transferred through a life estate won’t count against your eligibility for the program.

Allows Seniors to Stay in Their Homes. Even though a life estate transfers property ownership to the remainderman, the life tenant has guaranteed residency, if desired, for the rest of the owner’s life.

While life estates are helpful, they have some drawbacks:

Property is Vulnerable to Debts Of Heirs. Because the life estate transfers property rights to a designated heir, his or her creditors may have the right to seize inherited assets to cover lingering debts, if there are any.

The Heirs’ Rights to The Property Vest at Creation. Once you create a life estate, the property rights vest in the heirs. You can’t take back those rights without the heir’s consent. As a result, some seniors use a living trust, in which its creator can always change the terms or cancel it entirely.

Property Can’t Be Sold or Mortgaged. If you want to significantly change the property, convert it into a rental, or even decide to sell, you must have the remainderman’s permission.

In sum, life estates help elderly homeowners create a straightforward, legal directive for an heir to inherit property without getting mired in probate.

Life estates also permit the owner to control the property in all respects, except they can’t sell or mortgage the property without the consent of their heirs. If created in a “timely” manner, a life estate can even help its creator qualify for Medicaid assistance.

However, life estates do have a few disadvantages.

As the life tenant, you’ll forfeit the ability to sell or mortgage your home without your heir’s permission. Since you can’t reverse a life estate without the consent of both the life tenant and remainderman, you should know all about the contract before committing to it. Discuss the potential benefits of creating a life estate with your estate planning attorney. He or she will have the experience to advise you if this strategy is best for your circumstances. If you would like to learn more about life estates, please visit our previous posts.

Reference: Quicken Loans (Aug. 9, 2022) “What Is A Life Estate And What Property Rights Does It Confer?”

Category: Probate

Corporate Transparency Act May Impact Estate Planning

Include your Memorabilia in your Estate Planning

Some Best Practices for a Trustee to follow

Consider placing your Home in a Property Trust

Steps Seniors should take before Remarrying

Consider Annuities in your Estate Planning

Consider Portability as a Solution for your Surviving Spouse

Better to have a Revocable or an Irrevocable Trust?

The Estate of The Union Season 2|Episode 6 is out now!

Benefits of Creating a Life Estate

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